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Why US Restrictions Can't Stop China's Semiconductor Industry Advance_我的网站

A |     "[The US export restrictions] will not have much impact on the Chinese semiconductor industry," says Professor Thomas Canhao Xu of Beijing Normal University (BNU) and Hong Kong Baptist University. "These restrictions are associated with the 3 nanometer (nm) technologies while China is now producing 28nm chips for the most part, which are previous generation technologies. The fact is that the 28nm chip technology is mature and the main demand is for chips manufactured in the [28nm lithography] process. Chip manufacturers receive their main income from this product.",On 12 August, the US Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) announced that it would impose restrictions on technologies which support manufacturing of advanced semiconductors and turbines to protect them from "nefarious" military and commercial use.,Controls On Chip Exports To China Will Not Work, Trade War May Cost US Up To $100bn, ASML Exec Says15 April 2021, 11:23 GMT,The technologies covered by the newly introduced controls include two substrates of ultra-wide bandgap semiconductors, ie gallium oxide and diamond; electronic computer-aided design software ECAD made for the development of integrated circuits with a Gate-All-Around field-effect transistor (GAAFET) structure; and pressure-gain combustion (PGC) technology that can be used in rockets and hypersonic systems.,The world's leading chip manufacturers such as Samsung, TSMC and Intel have already placed their bets on the GAAFET technology to produce smaller and quicker chips in the future. It is also expected that diamonds and gallium oxides will be used to make semiconductors enabling them to operate under harsher conditions, such as at higher voltages or higher temperatures. Consequently, the aforementioned technologies will help multiply the density of transistors and interconnects on a single chip thus dramatically improving their performance.,Even though the BIS restrictions do not explicitly mention China, it is clear that they are aimed at preventing Beijing from gaining access to breakthrough technologies, according to Bloomberg.,"Breakthrough technologies are undeniably important, but they represent only a small fraction of the entire semiconductor industry," argues Xu. "The long-term effect of these restrictions on China will depend on how China develops its own industry, including equipment for the production of chips. On the horizon of 10 to 20 years, significant changes may occur in the industry and fundamentally new technologies may appear.",WorldUS New Chips Law Will Undermine Global Supply Chains: Chinese Foreign Ministry10 August, 12:00 GMT,China Continuing Hi-Tech Development Regardless of US Sanctions,The newly announced restrictions followed a bombshell report of industry watcher TechInsights which revealed that China's Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corp (SMIC) had probably built semiconductors using a 7nm technology.,Earlier, China-based MinerVa Semiconductor Corp., named by TechInsights as SMIC’s customer, demonstrated a 7nm chip on its website, adding that mass production of these semis began in July 2021, according to Bloomberg's 21 July report.,"This is the most advanced technology product TechInsights has seen from SMIC so far and may be leading to a true 7nm process that incorporates scaled logic and memory bitcells," TechInsights explained on 19 July. "It also has key implications for Chinese chip companies, as it helps to reduce China’s reliance on western technologies in this time of restricted access.",The report caught many by surprise given that SMIC had long specialized in 14nm technology. Furthermore, since late 2020, Washington has banned the unlicensed sale of equipment that can be used to make semiconductors of 10nm and beyond to the Chinese company. If SMIC has indeed managed to make a technological leap, it would mean that Washington's sanctions policy failed to curb China's technological development, according to Bloomberg.,The US government is well aware of the problem: according to the White House, at present the US produces roughly 10 percent of the world’s supply of chips, whereas East Asia accounts for a whopping 75 percent of global production. Washington is striving to win the technological race with the Asian giant by imposing further restrictions and expanding investments in the domestic chip industry.,Thus, on 9 August, President Joe Biden signed into law a bipartisan CHIPS and Science Act which includes more than $52Bln for US companies producing semiconductors, as well as billions more in tax credits to encourage investment in the industry. Yet another objective of the newly inked legislation is to prevent American investors from directly or indirectly contributing to the development of semiconductor production in China. One of the conditions for obtaining a government subsidy under the new law is the obligation not to invest in the development of the 28nm and more advanced technologies in China for 10 years.,Huawei Spent $22 Billion on Research in 2021 As Company Resists US Sanctions - Report27 April, 02:45 GMT,For its part, China aims to develop its own technologies, instead of following in the footsteps of western manufacturers. The People's Republic has already proved that alternative solutions are possible and that it can set new global technological standards. For instance, Huawei telecommunications equipment made a splash in global markets when the company developed its own SingleRAN algorithm, which allows configuring one base station to provide communication in 2G, 3G and 4G standards simultaneously. When it comes to the semiconductor industry, China is developing its own technology to produce silicon carbide chips.,Beijing is sparing no expense in research and development (R&D) of promising technologies: according to China's official statistics, the People's Republic's spending on R&D rose 10.3 percent to 2.44 trillion Chinese yuan ($378Bln) and accounted for 2.4 percent of GDP in 2020. Last year, China's Premier Li Keqiang promised that the country's research and development spending would grow by more than 7 percent per year between 2021 and 2025.。1月13日：经过两个月的曝光和预热，丰田的新supra终于上市了。最近，丰田发布了一个新的超跑车视频公告。视频还揭示了新的supra的设计。新的supra的外观基本上与之前曝光的间谍照片相同。正面的导风口槽和空气格栅采用凹形设计，一眼就能感受到超跑的感觉。从侧面看，新的supra的发动机舱很长，后部和驾驶舱位置的空间被设计成在车身中心的后面，这有一种非常跑车的感觉。这种布局与宝马的双门跑车Z4非常相似，当然，新款supra和新款宝马Z4也有着非常密切的血缘关系。supra可以被视为宝马新Z4的伙伴，因为这两款车都是由丰田和宝马制造的。

B | 新的supra的完整质量约为1500公斤。在动力方面，据报道，supra配备了宝马提供的2.0t发动机和3.0t直列六缸发动机。这辆新车将在1月14日开幕的北美车展上在世界各地推出。Supra是丰田最经典的跑车。

C | 第一代supra诞生于1979年（当时Celica佩戴supra标志），配备了2.6升直列六缸发动机（4me），也是丰田第一台量产电子燃油喷射发动机。自1986年以来，supra已经开始了一个新的平台，放弃了celica的前缀。Supra被粉丝们戏称为“牛魔王”。它曾与军阀GT-R、本田NSX和马自达RX-7相同，也是日本最著名的跑车之一。

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