我的女孩

集思录｜田埂上的青春自带光芒_我的网站

刀马旦

一 | 江西大二学生黄喆曲暑假期间和同学开车下乡，带着电笔、胶布等工具免费为村民维修家电。

二 | 自8月1日以来，他们已走过几十个村子，修了上百件电器，维修视频也意外走红，单条点赞超过60万，粉丝涨至8.7万。（据光明网8月15日报道）在青壮年普遍外出务工的村落，留守老人过日子最怕家电出故障。 "[The US export restrictions] will not have much impact on the Chinese semiconductor industry," says Professor Thomas Canhao Xu of Beijing Normal University (BNU) and Hong Kong Baptist University. "These restrictions are associated with the 3 nanometer (nm) technologies while China is now producing 28nm chips for the most part, which are previous generation technologies. The fact is that the 28nm chip technology is mature and the main demand is for chips manufactured in the [28nm lithography] process. Chip manufacturers receive their main income from this product.",On 12 August, the US Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) announced that it would impose restrictions on technologies which support manufacturing of advanced semiconductors and turbines to protect them from "nefarious" military and commercial use.,Controls On Chip Exports To China Will Not Work, Trade War May Cost US Up To $100bn, ASML Exec Says15 April 2021, 11:23 GMT,The technologies covered by the newly introduced controls include two substrates of ultra-wide bandgap semiconductors, ie gallium oxide and diamond; electronic computer-aided design software ECAD made for the development of integrated circuits with a Gate-All-Around field-effect transistor (GAAFET) structure; and pressure-gain combustion (PGC) technology that can be used in rockets and hypersonic systems.,The world's leading chip manufacturers such as Samsung, TSMC and Intel have already placed their bets on the GAAFET technology to produce smaller and quicker chips in the future. It is also expected that diamonds and gallium oxides will be used to make semiconductors enabling them to operate under harsher conditions, such as at higher voltages or higher temperatures. Consequently, the aforementioned technologies will help multiply the density of transistors and interconnects on a single chip thus dramatically improving their performance.,Even though the BIS restrictions do not explicitly mention China, it is clear that they are aimed at preventing Beijing from gaining access to breakthrough technologies, according to Bloomberg.,"Breakthrough technologies are undeniably important, but they represent only a small fraction of the entire semiconductor industry," argues Xu. "The long-term effect of these restrictions on China will depend on how China develops its own industry, including equipment for the production of chips. On the horizon of 10 to 20 years, significant changes may occur in the industry and fundamentally new technologies may appear.",WorldUS New Chips Law Will Undermine Global Supply Chains: Chinese Foreign Ministry10 August, 12:00 GMT,China Continuing Hi-Tech Development Regardless of US Sanctions,The newly announced restrictions followed a bombshell report of industry watcher TechInsights which revealed that China's Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corp (SMIC) had probably built semiconductors using a 7nm technology.,Earlier, China-based MinerVa Semiconductor Corp., named by TechInsights as SMIC’s customer, demonstrated a 7nm chip on its website, adding that mass production of these semis began in July 2021, according to Bloomberg's 21 July report.,"This is the most advanced technology product TechInsights has seen from SMIC so far and may be leading to a true 7nm process that incorporates scaled logic and memory bitcells," TechInsights explained on 19 July. "It also has key implications for Chinese chip companies, as it helps to reduce China’s reliance on western technologies in this time of restricted access.",The report caught many by surprise given that SMIC had long specialized in 14nm technology. Furthermore, since late 2020, Washington has banned the unlicensed sale of equipment that can be used to make semiconductors of 10nm and beyond to the Chinese company. If SMIC has indeed managed to make a technological leap, it would mean that Washington's sanctions policy failed to curb China's technological development, according to Bloomberg.,The US government is well aware of the problem: according to the White House, at present the US produces roughly 10 percent of the world’s supply of chips, whereas East Asia accounts for a whopping 75 percent of global production. Washington is striving to win the technological race with the Asian giant by imposing further restrictions and expanding investments in the domestic chip industry.,Thus, on 9 August, President Joe Biden signed into law a bipartisan CHIPS and Science Act which includes more than $52Bln for US companies producing semiconductors, as well as billions more in tax credits to encourage investment in the industry. Yet another objective of the newly inked legislation is to prevent American investors from directly or indirectly contributing to the development of semiconductor production in China. One of the conditions for obtaining a government subsidy under the new law is the obligation not to invest in the development of the 28nm and more advanced technologies in China for 10 years.,Huawei Spent $22 Billion on Research in 2021 As Company Resists US Sanctions - Report27 April, 02:45 GMT,For its part, China aims to develop its own technologies, instead of following in the footsteps of western manufacturers. The People's Republic has already proved that alternative solutions are possible and that it can set new global technological standards. For instance, Huawei telecommunications equipment made a splash in global markets when the company developed its own SingleRAN algorithm, which allows configuring one base station to provide communication in 2G, 3G and 4G standards simultaneously. When it comes to the semiconductor industry, China is developing its own technology to produce silicon carbide chips.,Beijing is sparing no expense in research and development (R&D) of promising technologies: according to China's official statistics, the People's Republic's spending on R&D rose 10.3 percent to 2.44 trillion Chinese yuan ($378Bln) and accounted for 2.4 percent of GDP in 2020. Last year, China's Premier Li Keqiang promised that the country's research and development spending would grow by more than 7 percent per year between 2021 and 2025.。风扇转动不畅，夜灯接触不良，送去镇上维修路途远、花钱多，不少老人索性凑合用。黄喆曲的上门维修，补上的正是乡村便民服务长期存在的微小缺口。这种“专业对口、按需上门”的帮助，真正落到了老人的急需处。走村串户的维修之旅，也是一堂行走在乡土大地的成长课，实现了青年与乡村的双向滋养。电路原理背得再熟，碰到使用十余年、线路老化的老旧家电，也得沉下心反复排查调试；实验室里的操作再规范，到了农家院落，也得学着用乡音唠清需求、耐心讲解用法。年轻人在灶台边检测、屋檐下接线的过程，既是把课本知识转化为实操能力的过程，也是读懂乡土中国、厚植为民情怀的过程。对理工科青年而言，把万用表搭在农家旧家电上，把绝缘胶带缠在老屋电线上，就是最接地气的实践答卷。乡村给了青年打磨本领的练兵场，青年给乡村带去了新鲜活力，一予一取之间，青春的价值与乡村的需求实现了同频共振。乡村全面振兴是系统工程，既需要顶天立地的产业项目，也需要润物无声的民生服务。

三 | 千千万万像黄喆曲这样的大学生，利用假期带着专业技能走进乡村，有人修家电，有人普及法律，有人教知识，个体力量虽然微薄，点点星光汇聚，便能织密乡村民生服务的温暖网络。更重要的是，每一次下乡实践都是一次情感联结。当年轻人真正走进乡村、认同乡村，今天奔走田埂的暑期志愿者，就可能成为明天的返乡建设者。